The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of sleep quality on cardiovascular disease risk and food and nutrient intakes. Within the scope of this study, several parameters associated with cardiovascular disease risk will be assessed, including waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference, and serum levels of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, homocysteine, and lipoprotein(a). Cardiovascular disease risk will be evaluated using the Framingham Risk Score, SCORE2, and A Body Shape Index (ABSI).
To assess visceral adiposity, a formula incorporating waist circumference and serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels will be used. In addition, participants' body fat and muscle percentages will be determined. Carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamin, mineral, and fluid intakes will also be compared between individuals with poor and good sleep quality, and the effects of sleep quality on nutrient intake will be evaluated.
Previous studies investigating the effects of sleep quality on diabetes or cardiovascular diseases have predominantly been conducted among middle-aged adults aged 50 years and older, a population with a higher prevalence of dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. In the present project, all eligible adults aged 18 years and older will be evaluated. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no previous study has comprehensively evaluated the effects of sleep quality on cardiovascular disease risk together with nutrient intakes among individuals with type 2 diabetes.
This study is expected to contribute to the literature by evaluating the effects of sleep quality on cardiovascular disease risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes. In addition, the extent to which sleep quality is associated with dietary habits will be examined at the level of nutrient intake. The findings of this study may provide a basis for educational interventions aimed at emphasizing the importance of sleep quality and improving sleep quality, as well as for future public health initiatives. Improving sleep quality may also contribute to strategies aimed at preventing the development of type 2 diabetes and improving the management of its complications.