Effect of Proso Millet-Based Bread on Postprandial Glycemic Response in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

This randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical study aims to evaluate the acute effect of proso millet-based bread on postprandial glycemic response in adults with type 2 diabetes. A total of 52 participants are planned to be enrolled. Each participant will attend two test sessions and will consume proso millet-based bread in one session and white wheat bread in the other. The order of the test breads will be randomized, and the two sessions will be separated by a one-week washout period. Each bread portion will provide 50 g of available carbohydrate. During each test session, the bread will be consumed within 10 minutes with 250 mL of water. Capillary blood glucose concentrations will be measured at predefined time points from baseline to 180 minutes after the start of consumption. Postprandial glycemic response will primarily be evaluated using the incremental area under the glucose response curve (iAUC). The study will investigate whether the postprandial glycemic response following consumption of proso millet-based bread differs from that following consumption of white wheat bread in adults with type 2 diabetes.