PiLCOsNCT07810621

Post-Induction Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

StatusActive, Not Recruiting

PhaseNot specified

SponsorAtaturk University

Primary completionOct 16, 2026

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Record History

All 3 versions: 3 with changes below. See every version on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Minor Oct 29, 2026 Enrollment closed, study ongoing
- Eligibility criteria expanded, about 30 words
- Site details revised at 2 of 2 sites
Notable Sep 11, 2026 Recruitment opened
- Start date changed from estimate of Sep 14, 2026 to Sep 11, 2026
- Site details revised at 2 of 2 sites
Sep 3, 2026 Study First Submitted

Notable: the plan changed
Minor: routine updates

Endpoints

Primary

Time below threshold: total duration with a cardiac index below 2.0 L/min/m2, in minutes

Timeframe: From induction of anaesthesia to 30 minutes after induction

Cumulative low-output burden: time integral of the cardiac index deficit below 2.0 L/min/m2, in L/m2

Timeframe: From induction of anaesthesia to 30 minutes after induction

Secondary (5)

Incidence of PiLCOs: proportion of patients with a cardiac index below 2.0 L/min/m2, in percent

Time below threshold at a cardiac index of 2.2 L/min/m2, in minutes

Cumulative low-output burden at a cardiac index of 2.2 L/min/m2, in L/m2

Time below threshold at a cardiac index of 2.5 L/min/m2, in minutes

Cumulative low-output burden at a cardiac index of 2.5 L/min/m2, in L/m2

Arms and interventions

Isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Consecutive adults undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass at two tertiary cardiovascular surgery centres. All participants receive routine anaesthetic and surgical care; no aspect of management is altered for the study. An arterial catheter is sited before induction while the patient is awake, as is routine for this operation at both centres, and cardiac index is recorded continuously at 30-second intervals by arterial waveform analysis from before induction until the end of the operation. There is a single cohort and no assignment of any kind; all enrolled patients are observed under the same protocol.

Other: routine clinical monitoring, observed only

Sites

2 sites in 1 country

About this trial

Hemodynamic change after induction of general anesthesia is usually judged from mean arterial pressure. Pressure, however, is a surrogate for flow, and the two can separate: cardiac output may fall while arterial pressure remains apparently adequate. The interval that follows induction of anesthesia, before surgical stimulation begins and while hemodynamic conditions are determined by anesthetic management alone, has not been characterized in terms of flow. This study is designed to define post-induction low cardiac output (PiLCOs) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. This is a prospective, observational, two-centre cohort study. Consecutive adults undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass at two tertiary cardiovascular surgery centre will be enrolled. No aspect of anesthetic or surgical management will be altered for the purposes of the study. An arterial catheter is sited before induction while the patient is awake, and cardiac index is recorded continuously at 30-second intervals by arterial waveform analysis. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, stroke volume index and cardiac index are recorded at the same resolution. The analysis window is the 30 minutes that follow induction of anesthesia. The period of cardiopulmonary bypass is excluded from all analyses, because flow during bypass is generated by the pump rather than by the heart. The primary outcome has two components, both defined over that window and both referenced to a cardiac index threshold of 2.0 L/min/m2. The first is the total time spent below threshold, in minutes. The second is the cumulative low-output burden, defined as the integral over time of the difference between the threshold and the measured cardiac index, taken only where that difference is positive. Dimensional analysis reduces the unit of burden to L/m2, a body-surface-indexed volume of undelivered flow, which multiplied by body surface area yields an absolute flow deficit in liters. Time below threshold describes how long the exposure lasts and cumulative burden describes how deep it is. The two together define the exposure, and neither alone is sufficient. Secondary outcomes are the same two measures computed at cardiac index thresholds of 2.2 and 2.5 L/min/m2; the incidence of PiLCOs, defined as at least one measurement below 2.0 L/min/m2 within the window; the time-weighted average depth across the window and the median depth sustained while below threshold; the distribution of cumulative burden across the three consecutive ten-minute segments of the window; and the time from induction to the first measurement below threshold. Exploratory analyses will examine the association between the presence and the magnitude of PiLCOs and the postoperative course, including acute kidney injury, serum lactate, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality. All outcome analyses are treated as exploratory and hypothesis-generating, and no adjustment is made for multiple comparisons. Sample size was derived from an internal pilot of 30 patients, comprising the first 15 consecutive patients enrolled at each centre. In that pilot the standard deviation of time below threshold was 8.14 min and the incidence of PiLCOs was 70.0%. Setting the half-width of the 95% confidence interval at 1.7 min for mean time below threshold requires 88 patients, and setting it at 9.5 percentage points for incidence requires 90; the larger figure was carried forward and rounded to 90, allocated as 45 patients per centre. Allowing 15% for withdrawal, protocol deviation and unusable recordings gives a planned enrollment of 103 patients. Because the study estimates the frequency and the magnitude of an event that has not previously been characterized, rather than testing a prespecified superiority hypothesis, sample size is based on the precision of estimation rather than on power.

Trial details

Enrollment: 103 participants (actual)
Started: Sep 11, 2026
Study completion: Nov 16, 2026 (estimated)
Eligibility: 18 and older, all sexes, no healthy volunteers
Design: Observational
Oversight: No data monitoring committee
Conditions: Cardiac Output, Low, Coronary Arterial Disease, Anesthesia, General
Collaborators: Ankara City Hospital Bilkent
Official title: Post-Induction Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (PiLCOs): A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study to Identify Flow-Based Early Hypoperfusion in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgical Patients
First posted: Sep 9, 2026
Registry updated: Nov 2, 2026
Last verified: Oct 2026

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