Unstuck-Early Childhood Effectiveness & Implementation Trial

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a new school-based, Tier 2 (selective) cognitive-behavioral intervention called Unstuck and On Target for Early Childhood (Unstuck-EC) can treat executive function deficits in young children (ages 4-5). Executive function is a critical set of cognitive abilities that enable individuals to demonstrate skills, effectively complete tsks, and navigate social interactions through flexible regulation of their thinking, behavior, and emotions. All children will be receiving special education services and be identified by their classroom teachers as having problems with flexibility and/or emotion regulation. Unstuck-EC consists of 16 sessions, each lasting about 20 minutes, delivered 1-2 times per week. Unstuck-EC will be adapted in this trial to be delivered by classroom teachers. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Do special education preschool teachers find Unstuck-EC to be feasible, appropriate, and acceptable for use in their classrooms? 2. Do special education preschool teachers trained in Unstuck-EC better understand and support executive function in the classroom? 3. Does Unstuck-EC improve children's executive function skills? Researchers will compare Unstuck-EC (N=45 participants) to a "services as usual" control (N=45 participants). This means that all children will receive usual services at school through their Individualized Education Plan and associated special education supports. Those in Unstuck-EC will also receive the intervention. Participants in both groups will be followed for the same period of time (minimum of 8 weeks). All child participants will complete a baseline assessment, which include language testing for eligibility, as well as a classroom observation and direct testing of cognitive flexibility. Additionally, parents and case managers will complete behavioral rating scales of children's executive function skills and classroom behavior. All measures will be collected again at the end of the intervention period, with the exception of language testing. Additional measures will also be completed by the teacher to examine knowledge of executive function and use of Unstuck-EC strategies and executive-function supporting strategies. Teachers will also report on their own stress and self-efficacy and will complete ratings of child expulsion risk. Participants will \[describe the main tasks participants will be asked to do, interventions they'll be given and use bullets if it is more than 2 items\].