Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training and Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization for Pain, Strength, Range of Motion, and Kinesiophobia Among ACL Reconstruction Patients.

This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFR) and Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) on pain, quadriceps muscle strength, knee range of motion (ROM), and kinesiophobia in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). ACLR patients commonly experience persistent muscle weakness, limited ROM, pain, and fear of movement, which can delay functional recovery and return to activity. A total of 46 participants (8-16 weeks post-ACLR) will be randomly allocated into two groups: a BFR group and an IASTM group. Both groups will receive interventions twice weekly for 8 weeks alongside standard physiotherapy. The BFR group will perform low-load resistance exercises under controlled vascular occlusion, while the IASTM group will receive soft tissue mobilization using specialized instruments combined with conventional rehabilitation. Outcome measures will include quadriceps strength (handheld dynamometer), pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale), knee ROM (goniometer), and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), assessed at baseline and post-intervention. The study aims to determine which intervention provides superior improvements in physical and psychological outcomes during early rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.