The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hand massage and stress ball interventions on anxiety, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing eye surgery. Because eye surgeries are typically performed under local or topical anesthesia, patients remain conscious, which can lead to increased anxiety and pain. This randomized controlled trial aims to find safe, non-pharmacological, and easily applicable nursing methods to improve patient comfort. Adult patients scheduled for eye surgery will be randomly assigned to one of three groups:
Hand Massage Group: Patients will receive a gentle hand massage by a trained researcher for 5 minutes on each hand (10 minutes total) during the surgery.
Stress Ball Group: Patients will rhythmically squeeze and release a soft stress ball for 5 seconds at a time, for a total of 15 minutes during the surgery.
Control Group: Patients will receive standard routine care without any additional interventions.
Researchers will measure the patients' vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation), as well as their self-reported anxiety and pain levels, to compare the effectiveness of these interventions.