This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effect of glycemic control level on intraoperative cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and postoperative recovery in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing elective urologic surgery under general anesthesia.
Patients will be grouped according to HbA1c levels to assess the relationship between long-term glycemic control and intraoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation, hemodynamic parameters, and postoperative recovery scores.