The goal of this clinical trial is to examine the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet based on local Indonesian foods on alterations in gut microbiota, body composition, and metabolic biomarkers in obese subjects. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Dose Mediterranean diet modification based on local food ingredients can result in greater weight loss, greater reductions in inflammatory markers, improve gut microbiota diversity compared to a balanced low-calorie diet in obese patients?
Researchers will compare Mediterranean diet modification based on local food to low calorie diet.
Participant will:
* Participants received a low-calorie diet of approximately 1.500 kcal/day according to their randomized group assignments, consisting of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Both groups will receive dietary education and physical activity guidance tailored to their weight loss needs.
* Participants were instructed to complete a food intake record and report their consumption to the researchers using intake forms and photographs of the food packaging. Weekly meetings were held via Zoom to evaluate dietary compliance.
* Blood samples and fecal specimens were collected at baseline (week 0) and at week 4 of the study.