Early Glucose States and 72-Hour Care-Metabolic Clusters in Critically Ill Patients

Blood glucose patterns during critical illness may change together with treatment, nutritional support, organ support, and the frequency of glucose monitoring. This retrospective observational study examines the relationship between glucose patterns identified during the first 24 hours of ICU care and broader care-metabolic patterns identified during the first 72 hours. The study evaluates how these early and later patterns relate to each other and whether the 72-hour clusters are associated with subsequent ICU mortality. The early glucose-state definition is also examined in MIMIC-IV as an external supportive analysis. No treatment or clinical intervention is assigned by the investigators.