Superficial Plane Blocks for Analgesia After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

This prospective, single-center observational study will evaluate postoperative analgesia in adults undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Participants will receive routine anesthetic care selected by the responsible anesthesiologist and will be observed in one of three groups: rectointercostal plane block, external oblique-rectus abdominis plane (EXORA) block, or intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA). The study will compare postoperative pain scores and sensory block spread. Pain at rest and with movement will be assessed using the 0-to-10 Numeric Rating Scale at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Sensory spread will be assessed by pinprick testing across the T4-T12 dermatomes at 30 minutes after surgery. Additional assessments will include 24-hour tramadol consumption, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and block-related complications.