Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major liver surgery. This study will evaluate whether intraoperative management guided by renal regional oxygen saturation (RrSO₂), measured using near-infrared spectroscopy, can reduce postoperative acute kidney injury in adults undergoing elective hepatectomy. Approximately 1,200 participants at about 20 hospitals in China will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to RrSO₂-guided management or usual perioperative care.
All participants will undergo continuous bilateral renal RrSO₂ monitoring. In the intervention group, RrSO₂ values will be visible to the anesthesia team, and a decrease of 10% or more from baseline on either side will trigger a standardized assessment and stepwise management algorithm. In the control group, RrSO₂ data will be recorded but concealed from the clinical team and will not guide treatment.
The primary outcome is AKI within 7 days after surgery or before hospital discharge, whichever occurs first, based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine criteria or initiation of renal replacement therapy.