Diode Laser Versus LED for Maxillary Canine Retraction in Orthodontic Patients

This study aims to compare the effects of diode laser and light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation on maxillary canine retraction during fixed orthodontic treatment. Participants requiring bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction will receive both interventions using a split-mouth design. One maxillary canine will receive diode laser photobiomodulation, while the contralateral maxillary canine will receive LED photobiomodulation. Maxillary canine movement will be evaluated at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks during retraction to compare the amount and rate of tooth movement between the two interventions. Pain associated with orthodontic tooth movement will also be assessed. Pulp oxygen saturation (SpO₂) of the maxillary canines will be measured to evaluate changes in pulpal oxygenation during orthodontic canine retraction. SpO₂ will be assessed at baseline and at predefined follow-up time points, including 20 minutes, 24 hours, 7 days, and 4 weeks. Changes in SpO₂ will be compared between the diode laser and LED sides. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) will be used to evaluate changes in maxillary canine root length and alveolar bone dimensions before and after canine retraction. The study is expected to determine whether diode laser and LED photobiomodulation differ in their effects on orthodontic canine retraction, pulpal oxygenation, pain, and associated dental and alveolar bone changes.