Menstrual health is an important component of women's physical, mental, and social well-being. Adequate knowledge of the menstrual cycle is essential for distinguishing between normal and abnormal menstrual patterns, facilitating the early recognition of potential health problems, and promoting appropriate health behaviors. This is particularly important for female athletes, given the high prevalence of menstrual disturbances and the potential influence of the menstrual cycle on physical symptoms, mood, and athletic performance. However, validated and standardized tools for assessing menstrual cycle knowledge are limited in the Turkish literature. The Menstrual Cycle Knowledge Questionnaire (MCKQ) is a 12-item instrument specifically developed to assess knowledge of the menstrual cycle. This study aims to culturally adapt the MCKQ into Turkish and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version among both sedentary and physically active women, thereby providing a standardized assessment tool for use in the Turkish population.