Esophagectomy is associated with substantial postoperative morbidity despite advances in perioperative care. The Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) score has been proposed as a composite biomarker reflecting nutritional, inflammatory, and immune status; however, its perioperative behavior and clinical significance after esophagectomy remain unclear. This retrospective cohort study evaluates perioperative changes in HALP and examines the associations of preoperative, postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 7 HALP measurements with postoperative complications, including overall and major complications, anastomotic leakage, ICU readmission, and length of hospital stay. The study aims to clarify the potential role of perioperative HALP as a marker of postoperative recovery and adverse clinical outcomes following esophagectomy.