Intraoperative hypothermia is common during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia and contributes to maternal discomfort, shivering, and metabolic stress. Active warming systems such as forced-air warming are recommended in perioperative guidelines; however, their effectiveness in obstetric anesthesia remains variably documented.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether perioperative forced-air warming reduces maternal hypothermia and shivering during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia without adversely affecting neonatal outcomes.