Clinical Trial

Benchmarking Large Language Models Against Tumour Boards for Oncology Treatment Recommendations

Study acronym: BEACON
Recruiting
View on ClinicalTrials.gov →
Summary
BEACON (Benchmarking AI for Clinical Oncology decisioNmaking) is a prospective, multicentre, comparative, blinded, non-interventional benchmark evaluating the treatment recommendations of five frontier large language models (LLMs) against the recommendations of multidisciplinary tumour boards (RCP) in oncology treatment planning. One hundred standardised synthetic cases (20 per localisation, across breast, lung, urological, digestive and gynaecological cancers) are submitted as identical structured input to two independent tumour boards per localisation and to five frontier LLMs. Each recommendation - human or model - is decomposed into five predefined decision domains (intent, surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, work-up and biomarkers) and scored 0/1/2 for concordance against a two-tier reference: the consensus of the two tumour boards, complemented by an a priori locked guideline matrix (ESMO, NCCN). The primary endpoint is domain-level concordance between LLM and RCP consensus, expressed as a linearly weighted Cohen's kappa. A co-primary safety endpoint captures the proportion of recommendations carrying serious harm potential, because concordance alone can conceal dangerous errors. Because expert boards may disagree with one another on identical cases, model performance is always interpreted against the human consensus. BEACON is designed as reusable, openly licensed, pre-registered infrastructure: all synthetic cases, evaluation rubrics, the locked guideline matrix, scoring algorithms and verbatim prompts are released for full reproducibility.
Trial Details
NCT Number NCT07739121
Lead Sponsor Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
Conditions Breast Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Urologic Neoplasms, Prostatic Neoplasms, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Kidney Neoplasms, Digestive System Neoplasms, Genital Neoplasms +4 more
Enrollment 100 participants
Start Date 2026-05-01
Primary Completion 2026-10-01 (estimated)
Study Completion 2026-10-01 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov 2026-07-31