Effects of Daily Footwear Use on Lower Extremity Health and Movement in Healthy Adults

Footwear is one of the most important external factors influencing lower extremity biomechanics, plantar sensory feedback, and postural control. Although supportive footwear provides cushioning and arch support, prolonged use may reduce intrinsic foot muscle activity and alter natural foot mechanics. Conversely, flat footwear may enhance plantar sensory input and foot muscle activation. However, evidence regarding the long-term biomechanical effects of habitual footwear use in healthy adults remains inconsistent. This cross-sectional comparative study aims to compare foot posture, plantar pressure distribution, and balance performance between healthy adults who have regularly worn supportive footwear or flat footwear for at least six months. Static plantar pressure distribution will be assessed using the Footwork system, while static and dynamic balance will be evaluated using the Biodex Balance System. The findings are expected to improve understanding of the long-term biomechanical consequences of habitual footwear selection.