Diaphragmatic and Box Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Stress

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if diaphragmatic breathing and box breathing work to enhance resilience and manage stress in physical therapy students. It will also learn about their effects on overall physiological and psychological parameters. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do these breathing techniques improve heart rate variability (HRV)? How do these interventions affect participants' perceived stress levels, cognitive performance, and academic achievement? Researchers will compare diaphragmatic breathing and box breathing to a control group to see if these non-invasive methods work to improve physiological adaptation and manage stress. Participants will: Be randomly assigned to practice diaphragmatic breathing, practice box breathing, or join a control group Have their heart rate variability (HRV) measured as a primary sign of physiological adaptation Complete assessments to evaluate their perceived stress, cognitive performance, and academic achievement

NCT Number	NCT07698652
Lead Sponsor	Cairo University
Conditions	Stress, Psychological Resilience, Healthy Students
Enrollment	60 participants
Start Date	2026-09-20
Primary Completion	2026-12-30 (estimated)
Study Completion	2027-03-01 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2026-08-06