Natural Short Sleepers are defined as individuals who sleep fewer than 6 hours per night without any impact on health or daytime mental fatigue levels. Emerging evidence suggests that, in the general population, the gut microbiota would be negatively influenced by this sleep duration. It is possible that Natural Short Sleepers have a distinct gut microbiome. Identifying differences in microbiota composition may lead to an opportunity to improve health outcomes in those with inadequate or poor sleep.