Through observational studies, the long-term changes in liver function, metabolic state, immune response and other aspects of children after biliary tract reconstruction during their growth process were systematically explored. The risks of these long-term physiological changes on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetic diseases and liver cirrhosis in adulthood, as well as their impacts on cognitive function, musculoskeletal health and other aspects were evaluated. How do early physiological changes affect a patient's long-term health? Are there any potential biomarkers that can predict future health outcomes? Based on the research results, preventive and intervention measures that are helpful in reducing the risk of long-term complications are proposed.