Early Brainwave Biomarkers for Personalized Neuromodulation in Treatment-resistant Depression

This study tests whether a brain stimulation treatment for depression called intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) can be improved by tailoring it to each individual. A type of brain signal measured with electroencephalography (EEG) after a single pulse of brain stimulation, called an early local TMS-evoked potential (EL-TEP), is used to identify which stimulation settings work best for each participant. The investigators will compare individualized (personalized) iTBS settings to standard (non-personalized) settings and to inactive (sham) stimulation. Participants are adults with treatment-resistant depression.

NCT Number	NCT07528157
Lead Sponsor	Stanford University Collaborators: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Conditions	Major Depressive Disorder, Treatment Resistant Depression
Enrollment	80 participants
Start Date	2026-06-01
Primary Completion	2027-12-31 (estimated)
Study Completion	2027-12-31 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2026-04-14