The goal of this observational study is to better understand how diabetes develops in adults at the time of diagnosis. The study focuses on adults with newly diagnosed diabetes in the Kazakh population.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
* How do insulin resistance and beta-cell function differ between participants?
* How is the immune system involved at the early stage of diabetes?
* How are inflammation markers related to metabolic changes?
Participants undergo clinical and laboratory assessments at diagnosis. These include:
* Measurement of body mass index (BMI) and blood glucose control (HbA1c)
* Assessment of insulin resistance and beta-cell function using HOMA2 indices
* Measurement of C-peptide levels
* Testing for islet autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8A, ICA)
* Measurement of inflammatory markers, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) This study aims to improve understanding of different forms of adult-onset diabetes and support more personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment.