Prevention and Mass Screening of TB in Prisons in Paraguay

The goal of this interventional study is to evaluate three tuberculosis (TB) screening and prevention strategies in prisons in Paraguay. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Which strategy is more effective for reducing the incidence rate of active TB? * Which strategy is more effective for reducing the TB infection rate? * Are these strategies safe, feasible, and cost-effective in prison settings? Researchers will compare three cluster-based, non-randomized programmatic strategies implemented in three prisons. These strategies differ in the frequency of screening, the diagnostic methods used, and the approach to tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). Participants will: * undergo informed consent and clinical evaluation * receive TB screening through symptom assessment, chest digital X-ray with CAD, and rapid molecular testing, depending on site strategy * undergo IGRA testing and preventive therapy assessment, depending on the assigned strategy * be followed for 18 months, with screening rounds every 6 months or annually depending on the prison

NCT Number	NCT07520448
Lead Sponsor	Universidad Nacional de Caaguazu
Conditions	Tuberculosis (TB), TB Infection, Prisoners, Epidemiology
Enrollment	4,500 participants
Start Date	2026-08-01
Primary Completion	2027-12-31 (estimated)
Study Completion	2028-12-31 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2026-04-14