This part of the study enrolled 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls, 30 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy, and 30 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Blood samples were collected from the participants, and serum was isolated for transcriptomics and untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to characterize the metabolic profile of DPN. Through differential comparison analysis, serum biomarkers associated with DPN were identified and further correlated with clinical parameters. This approach aims to establish early diagnostic markers for DPN and provide scientific evidence for understanding the complex mechanisms underlying DPN, thereby offering new insights into potential therapeutic strategies.