This prospective, single-center, randomized, single-blind controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel single-channel retrieval bag compared to a widely used dual-channel retrieval bag in laparoscopic myomectomy. A total of 78 patients aged 18 to 45 years with uterine fibroids (diameter ≥ 4 cm and requiring preservation of the uterus) will be randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The experimental group will use the single-channel system (an upgraded high-transparency large-capacity retrieval bag + fragmentation device with a fibroid limiter), while the control group will utilize a standard dual-channel bag + fragmentation device with a fibroid limiter. The primary outcome measure will be the total surgical time. Secondary outcome measures will include the success rate of placement, intraoperative leakage rate, surgeon's learning curve, and intraoperative/postoperative complications. Patients will be followed up at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months to assess recurrence and the risk of fibroid dissemination. Preliminary data (n = 22) indicate that the single-channel myomectomy fragmentation system significantly reduced total sampling time (15.4 minutes vs. 36.7 minutes, p = 0.005) while demonstrating comparable safety. This study utilizes the same electric fragmentation device for both the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group employing a further upgraded single-channel retrieval bag to verify the advantages of the novel single-channel retrieval bag in simplifying surgical procedures, improving efficiency, and providing a smoother learning curve, thereby offering evidence for its clinical promotion and patent conversion, particularly suitable for primary care hospitals.