Postoperative cognitive disorders, including postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD), are common complications following surgery and anesthesia, particularly in vulnerable patient populations. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs. Early identification of patients at risk remains challenging, and reliable biomarkers are needed to improve perioperative risk stratification.
S100B protein has been proposed as a biomarker of neuronal injury and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. In addition, genetic variations in the S100B gene may influence individual susceptibility to postoperative cognitive impairment.
The aim of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the association between perioperative serum S100B levels, S100B gene polymorphisms, and postoperative cognitive disorders. Furthermore, the predictive value of perioperative changes in S100B levels for postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium will be investigated.