This Systematic Review Aims to Synthesize Available Evidence Regarding the Prevalence, Anatomical Distribution, Etiological Determinants, and Diagnostic Assessment of Permanent Canine Impaction. A Systematic Search of PubMed, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect Was Conducted for Studies Published Betw

This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence regarding the prevalence, anatomical distribution, etiological determinants, and diagnostic assessment of permanent canine impaction. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect for studies published between December 2009 and December 2025. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, and methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Reported prevalence of maxillary canine impaction ranged from approximately 0.97% to 7.10%, with mandibular impaction occurring less frequently. Palatal displacement represented the most common positional pattern. Major etiological factors included retained deciduous canines, dental arch constriction, supernumerary teeth, odontomas, and genetic anomalies. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional radiographic methods. The review provides a comprehensive synthesis of epidemiological patterns, etiological mechanisms, and imaging considerations associated with permanent canine impaction, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate radiographic assessment.

NCT Number	NCT07509320
Lead Sponsor	Dimitrie Cantemir University Collaborators: University of Oradea
Conditions	Tooth Impaction, Impacted Canine, Dental Anomalies
Start Date	2025-09-15
Primary Completion	2026-01-16 (estimated)
Study Completion	2026-02-10 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2026-04-03