Hypospadias is one of the common congenital malformation disorders in male children, with a ratio of about 1 to 300 in newborn boys. Proximal hypospadias, due to the underdeveloped corpus spongiosum, has a high incidence of postoperative complications (e.g., urethral fistula, stricture, recurrence of penile curvature), exceeding 50%. Traditional surgeries focus on urethral tubularization but fail to restore the corpus spongiosum, leading to long-term micturition and sexual dysfunction.
Recent studies have shown that stem cell exosomes promote angiogenesis and tissue repair through paracrine mechanisms. Urine-derived stem cells (USC) have the advantages of non-invasive acquisition and high proliferative capacity, and the investigator's previous study found that the USCs secreted exosomes (USC-Exos) promoted the regeneration of cavernous sinusoids in an animal model. In this study, the investigators applied autologous USC-Exos for the first time to pediatric hypospadias surgery to evaluate its clinical value in corpus spongiosum reconstruction.