Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC) has demonstrated promising pathological and survival outcomes in patients with resectable locally advanced oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-OSCC/OPSCC). However, the optimal postoperative management strategy following NAIC and radical surgery remains undefined, particularly regarding the necessity of postoperative radiotherapy and the potential role of PD-1 inhibitor maintenance therapy.
This single-center, ambispective cohort study aims to compare event-free survival, pathological response, survival outcomes, failure patterns, treatment-related toxicities, and functional outcomes among three postoperative strategies: postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative PD-1 inhibitor maintenance, and observation alone. The study seeks to provide real-world evidence to support risk-adapted, individualized postoperative decision-making after NAIC