SMOKING AND PRESENCE OF FRANK'S SIGN

In this study, the effect of cigarette smoking-one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases-on the development of Frank's sign (DELC) was investigated. Rather than smoking status alone, cumulative smoking exposure was considered to cause vascular damage and thereby influence the formation of DELC. Consequently, these findings may enable family physicians and other clinicians to approach patients rapidly and non-invasively within the framework of preventive medicine.

NCT Number	NCT07427745
Lead Sponsor	Samsun University
Conditions	Smoking ( Cigarette), Cardiovascular Disease
Enrollment	404 participants
Start Date	2024-09-01
Primary Completion	2025-03-01 (estimated)
Study Completion	2025-05-06 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2026-02-23