Physiotherapy Interventions on Functional Capacity, Balance and Mental Domains in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial With Two Parallel Groups

This study will investigate whether two different physiotherapy exercise programs can improve physical function, balance and mental well-being in older adults living in the community in Angola. A total of 350 people aged 60 years or older will take part in the study. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two supervised exercise programs. One group will participate in a multicomponent exercise program that includes strength, balance, walking and coordination exercises. The second group will participate in a reduced functional exercise program focused on basic strengthening, walking and simple daily activities. Both programs will be performed three times per week, with each session lasting 60 minutes, over a period of 12 weeks. Participants will be assessed before and after the exercise program. The assessments will include tests of balance, muscle strength, walking ability and questionnaires about daily activities and mental health. Information about falls, blood pressure and general health will also be collected. The goal of this study is to identify effective and safe physiotherapy strategies to help older adults maintain independence, reduce the risk of falls and support healthy ageing, especially in settings with limited health resources.