This study examined the effects of self-management education combined with follow-up telephone support on diabetes self-management, treatment compliance, and medication self-efficacy in adults with Type 2 diabetes. A total of 70 adults with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. Participants in the intervention group received diabetes self-management education and follow-up telephone support while the control group received usual care. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Diabetes Self-Management Scale, the Patient Adherence Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment, and the Diabetes Medication Use Self-Efficacy Scale.