Alcohol consumption, smoking, and betel nut chewing have been proven to be closely associated with the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). Recent studies have shown that alcohol-related detoxification genes in the ALDH family influence individual susceptibility to esophageal cancer. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is one of the most important enzymes in the ALDH family, involved in the metabolism of alcohol, acetaldehyde, and environmental aldehydes in the human body. We hypothesize that functional variations in ALDH2 may have a significant impact on the survival of esophageal cancer patients. This study aims to investigate the correlation between ALDH2 gene polymorphism and the survival of esophageal cancer patients.