Aortic dissection causes a tear in the inner layers of the aorta, leading to the formation of a true and false lumen.
There are two types of dissection: type A, which affects the ascending aorta, and type B, which affects the descending aorta. Type A aortic dissection is almost always a surgical emergency and involves replacing the ascending aorta with a prosthesis. After this type of dissection, a residual dissection remains in the descending aorta, known as residual type B dissection, which becomes chronic. This requires increased monitoring by MRI or CT scan, which are currently not effective enough to predict the development of an aneurysm that could lead to aortic rupture requiring surgical intervention. Other factors such as blood flow, the forces and mechanisms regulating blood circulation, the mechanics and histology of the aorta, and blood markers could provide a more reliable prediction of the development of an aneurysm. The creation of a digital twin model incorporating all these factors should enable better patient management.