Musculoskeletal development during childhood is influenced by several factors, including age, body composition, and physical activity. However, normative data regarding shoulder joint parameters and upper body posture among school-aged children in Saudi Arabia are lacking, particularly in relation to body mass index (BMI).
Objective: This study aims to establish normative reference values for shoulder joint mobility and upper body postural alignment in Saudi male school children, and to investigate the influence of BMI and age on these musculoskeletal parameters.
This study will provide foundational normative data for shoulder and upper body posture among school-aged children in Saudi Arabia and clarify the musculoskeletal impact of excess weight. The findings will support early screening and intervention strategies in pediatric populations.