Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are among the most common causes of chronic pain worldwide. It is estimated that about 5-12% of the global population is affected, and some conditions, such as arthritis, may be causative factors. Depending on severity, the joints involved can affect multiple functions of the masticatory system, such as the ability to speak, chew, swallow, limit facial expressions, and even breathe. Moreover, most patients with TMD may report painful conditions in other parts of the body, with comorbidities including chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic headache, endometriosis, fibromyalgia, interstitial cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, back pain, sleep disorders, and vulvodynia. Another significant condition that frequently occurs alongside TMD is psychological distress in the form of anxiety and/or depression.
The study proposed by this research protocol aims to investigate the presence of TMD and associated psychological/psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. The innovative value of the research lies in evaluating whether the association between these disorders may lead to neuroplastic changes at the brain level, which could guide targeted therapies. Only a few studies in the literature have explored this possible association, with inconclusive and conflicting results.
The study will be prospective in design, based on reference clinical/diagnostic criteria and functional neuroimaging.