IM İnjection-PAIN-Cold Spray and Stress Ball

Brief Summary: Intramuscular (IM) injection is a widely used method for drug administration, with over 12 billion applications globally each year. Despite its therapeutic advantages, IM injection often causes pain, which can negatively impact patient comfort and lead to injection fear, non-compliance, and avoidance of healthcare services. Effective pain management during IM injection is an ethical and professional responsibility for nurses. This randomized controlled study aims to compare the effectiveness of cold spray and stress ball squeezing methods against standard practice in reducing IM injection-related pain. The study will be conducted in the emergency department of a university hospital in Turkey between March and June 2025, involving 66 patients prescribed IM diclofenac sodium. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: cold spray, stress ball, or control. Pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) within the first minute after injection.

NCT Number	NCT07233694
Lead Sponsor	Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi
Conditions	Pain, Procedural, Acute Pain, Injection Site
Enrollment	66 participants
Start Date	2025-11-25
Primary Completion	2025-11-30 (estimated)
Study Completion	2025-12-10 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2025-11-18