Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options for Bladder Cancer 2

Bladder cancer is the most common urinary tract cancer and the 6th most common cancer in the US. Yet bladder cancer research is underfunded relative to other common cancers. As a result, bladder cancer care is prone to evidence gaps that produce decision uncertainty for both patients and clinicians. The Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options for Bladder Cancer Study 2 (CISTO2) has the potential to fill these critical evidence gaps, change care pathways for the management of NMIBC (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer), and provide for personalized, patient-centered care. The purpose of CISTO2 is to conduct a large prospective study that directly compares the impact of bladder sparing therapies versus bladder removal in recurrent high-grade NMIBC patients on financial toxicity, clinical outcomes and patient and caregiver experience using standardized patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

NCT Number	NCT07225127
Lead Sponsor	University of Washington Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Conditions	Bladder Cancer, Recurrent Bladder Cancer, Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)
Enrollment	408 participants
Start Date	2025-11-03
Primary Completion	2027-12 (estimated)
Study Completion	2028-12 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2026-07-31