Sinonasal Microbiome Transplant as a Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease associated with impaired quality of life and substantial societal costs. Much is still uncertain regarding the underlying etiology of the disease. Current treatment protocols are based on observed effects rather than a mechanistic understanding of the disease and thus patients often report unsatisfactory symptom reduction despite treatment with maximal medical therapy and even surgery. CRS is subgrouped phenotypically based on whether or not polyps are observed. Recently an endotypical differentiation reflecting the underlying inflammatory profile has been recommended as well, especially for research. Increasing interest in the role of the commensal microbiome inflammatory diseases has followed a growing understanding of its profound impact on the human immune system. Current research indicates that instability and dysfunction of the microbiome is linked to inflammatory disease rather than compositional differences. Previous research has shown that microbiome transplants are effective in restoring the commensal microbiome and reducing inflammation in gastrointestinal disease and in a previous pilot study the investigators showed that sinonasal microbiome transplants are feasible and were associated with reduced symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). This study will examine if the positive effect on patients symptoms observed in a previous pilot study are sustained in a placebo controlled, blinded study. In addition to this the study will also examine any differences in microbiome structure, stability, and function between patients with CRS and healthy donors as well as any correlation to disease phenotype or inflammatory endotype.