This research project focuses on improving memory and thinking (cognitive function) in people with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition that affects about 10% of adults and is often linked to cognitive problems. The study includes a clinical trial where patients will either receive standard care or follow a home-based exercise program involving walking and strength training, to see if regular physical activity can improve brain function. It also includes a large-scale analysis of data from the UK Biobank to explore blood and genetic markers, brain imaging, and lifestyle factors linked to cognitive health. The ultimate aim is to find effective, easy-to-implement strategies and early warning signs that could lead to better treatment and quality of life for people living with CKD.