The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if community-based exercise training can benefit patients aged 18 to 85 with diminished cardiovascular and pulmonary function. The main aim of this study is:
• Establish a community or home-based fitness training program for patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency to improve adherence, safety, and efficacy while alleviating the burden on both patients and society.
Researchers will compare community-based exercise training to non-exercise training to see if community-based exercise training works to improve cardiovascular and pulmonary function.
Participants will:
* Engage in community or home exercise training for 40-60 minutes, five times weekly, during a duration of eight weeks. Exercise modalities are primarily determined by the patients' individual preferences and habits, such as brisk walking, running, swimming, cycling, and hiking.
* Adjust the exercise intensity according to their cardiopulmonary exercise test and the person's perceived exertion level.
* Utilize fitness bracelets or watches to document statistics during workouts and submit them to the experimenter weekly, covering the five days of exercise within that week.
* refrain from making any dietary modifications throughout the trial.