Rationale: 75% of all stroke survivors suffer from cognitive deficits in the acute phase, with serious implications for their long-term quality of life and societal participation. A promising novel therapy is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Only a handful of studies have attempted to promote cognitive functioning after stroke with rTMS. These studies exclusively used a one-size-fits-all approach, which had limited success, as post-stroke cognitive deficits are highly variable. We propose a two-step personalized treatment strategy to identify targets for therapeutic TMS for cognitive rehabilitation after stroke. Step one consits of identification of personalized TMS targets by measuring fMRI activity during a representative cognitive task. In step two, TMS disruption is used to temporarily disrupt activity in the targeted brain region to investigate causal involvement of a brain area in cognitive task performance.
Objective: To validate a proof-of-concept to identify personalized targets for therapeutic TMS for cognitive rehabilitation after stroke.
Study design: A prospective mechanistic intervention study.
Study population: 10 healthy individuals and 15 stroke patients with cognitive impairment
Intervention: Active and sham TMS disruption of personalized targets
Main study endpoints: The n-back test