Long-Term Benefits of Eccentric Cycling Exercise in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The goal of this interventional study is to evaluate the long-term benefits of eccentric (ECC) cycling exercise on physiological responses, exercise capacity, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main questions it aims to answer are: * What are the effects of ECC cycling compared to concentric (CON) cycling on physiological responses, exercise capacity, and QoL in patients with T2DM? * What are the differential effects of moderate- and high-intensity ECC cycling compared to CON cycling on physiological responses, exercise capacity, and QoL in patients with T2DM? Researchers will compare moderate- and high-intensity ECC cycling to CON cycling (conventional cycling) to see if ECC cycling can be a viable alternative or complement to existing exercise protocols for managing T2DM. Participants will: * Undergo pre-, mid-, and post-intervention assessment * Perform either moderate- or high-intensity ECC cycling or moderate intensity CON cycling according to group randomisation by the researcher. * Start with two familiarisation sessions prior to the actual cycling training. * Perform cycling exercise twice per week for 10 weeks.

NCT Number	NCT07109102
Lead Sponsor	Universiti Sains Malaysia
Conditions	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Enrollment	30 participants
Start Date	2025-08
Primary Completion	2026-05 (estimated)
Study Completion	2026-08 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2025-08-07