The goal of this observational study is to enroll diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and those without diabetic retinopathy, follow up and observe the long-term changes in ocular structure and function of the subjects by comparison, analyze their association with multimodal biomarkers, and explore new methods for the early diagnosis and risk prediction of diabetic retinopathy.
Participants will be followed up over a 5-year follow-up period, during which they will undergo ophthalmic examinations, blood tests, and questionnaires.