Motor Learning in Health and Movement Disorders: Role of Physical Activity and Advanced Devices

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate motor responses in healthy subjects and patients with movement disorders, brain and spinal cord injury, neuromuscular diseases, or cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional physical activities combined with innovative interventions such as cryotherapy, ultrasound therapy, laser therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). It will also assess the impact of proprioceptive stimuli provided by either the immersive virtual reality (CAREN), or visuo-cognitive-motor enhancement (S.V.T.A.), and music therapy. The main questions it aims to answer are: How do these interventions affect motor activities and their functional recovery? What are the temporal and spatial changes in activation sequences related to motor learning and maintenance? When there is a comparison group: Researchers will compare outcomes between different intervention arms (e.g., physical activity with advanced devices vs. traditional methods) to find out if the advanced interventions result in better motor control and functional recovery. Participants will: * Undergo various rehabilitation protocols including physical activity and advanced interventions. * Be assessed using different tool, such as fMRI, dtMRI, and NIRS to study in vivo neuroimaging and assess changes in brain function and connectivity.