Retrospective Study to Assess the Evolution of MRI or CT Lesions in Treated CNS Nocardiosis

Nocardiosis is a rare infection caused by bacteria of the genus Nocardia spp. It primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, such as solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, as well as individuals with anti-GM-CSF antibodies. The infection typically begins by inhalation, affecting the lungs, with frequent hematogenous spread to the brain and soft tissues. Cerebral involvement is present in 20 to 40% of cases, although 40% of patients remain neurologically asymptomatic. Treatment consists of prolonged antibiotic therapy and, sometimes, surgical drainage for large or refractory abscesses. Mortality associated with cerebral involvement varies between 20 and 40%. Although radiological improvements are observed under treatment, the link between image changes and clinical prognosis remains uncertain. Regular radiological monitoring is recommended during and after treatment, although the expected evolution has not been described in the literature.

NCT Number	NCT07013006
Lead Sponsor	Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Collaborators: URC-CIC Paris Descartes Necker Cochin
Conditions	Nocardiosis
Enrollment	60 participants
Start Date	2025-10
Primary Completion	2026-10 (estimated)
Study Completion	2026-10 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2025-09-12