One hundred patients with lateral patellar compression syndrome (LPCS) were recruited and divided into two groups: arthroscopic treatment group and rehabilitation conservative treatment group. A 2-year prospective cohort study was then conducted. The subjective scores of 5 scales and 3 objective indexes were used to evaluate the recovery of knee joint function after different treatment methods, and to further clarify the medium and long-term therapeutic effects of different treatment methods on LPCS patients.