Esophageal atresia is the most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus and is caused by abnormal development of the esophagus during intrauterine life. In children with esophageal atresia, structural abnormalities due to congenital anomalies and tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheomalacia, respiratory problems, recurrent respiratory tract infections, structural abnormalities, surgical interventions for repair and treatment, and decreased physical activity levels may negatively affect pulmonary function, effective coughing, muscle strength, exercise capacity, posture, motor function, and quality of life. This study aims to compare physical characteristics, body composition, pulmonary function and muscle strength, peak cough flow, posture assessment, peripheral muscle strength test, motor function, exercise capacity, physical activity level, fatigue, frailty and quality of life between children with esophageal atresia and their healthy peers.