Introduction. Worldwide, obstructive sleep apnea is estimated to affect one in seven individuals. Patients with OSA present chronic low-grade inflammation related to arteriosclerosis. The effect of the Mediterranean diet on metabolic risk indicators is still inconclusive in the OSA population.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet adapted to the Mexican diet, versus standard nutritional treatment, on metabolic risk indicators in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Material and methods: Randomized clinical trial in patients with OSA confirmed by polysomnography. Sociodemographic data, pathological and non-pathological history, as well as clinical data will be collected by interview. Patients will be randomly assigned to the group with personalized Mediterranean-type diet adapted to the Mexican diet or standard diet for patients with OSA. At baseline, 6 and 12 months with the patient fasting, glucose levels and lipid profile in venous blood will be measured, as well as carotid artery thickness. Anthropometry and body composition measurements will also be taken, in addition to questionnaires to measure sleep quality, physical exercise and quality of life, as well as to measure dietary adherence with 3-day food records. A descriptive analysis of qualitative variables will be performed with frequencies and percentages; quantitative variables will be presented according to their free or parametric distribution. An X2 will be performed to compare the difference between the proportions of the outcome variables, as well as a Student's t-test or Mann Whitney U test according to their parametric or free distribution. A multivariate analysis will be performed to see the effect of both interventions on the main outcome variables, obesity, dyslipidemia and glycemic control.