Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which encompasses ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), has seen significant improvements in patient outcomes with biologic treatments. However, nearly half of the patients are either primary or secondary non-responders to the existing biologics. Upadacitinib is the only oral small molecule targeted drug approved for IBD in China. There is a paucity of research on the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in treating Chinese patients with UC and CD, and a lack of study data on the Chinese IBD population. This study aims to conduct a multicenter, single-arm, prospective, observational real-world study to analyze the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of Chinese patients with IBD, providing a basis for clinical decision-making.